Colic is the name given to the sharp, intermittent abdominal pains suffered by 20-25% of babies. It is uncontrollable, extended crying in a baby who is otherwise healthy and well-fed. Every baby cries, but babies who cry for more than three hours a day, three to four days a week, may have colic.
When a baby has colic, the life of the family is turned upside down. The parents find it extremely stressful and upsetting when their baby is crying for hours and cannot be comforted. For first-time parents in particular, it can be a shock and a disappointment to discover that the newborn baby is not the bundle of joy one was expecting. Parents may also feel guilty even though they are not the cause of their child's colic.
Colicky babies cry constantly and hard at about the same time each day at least 3 days a week, but they are otherwise healthy. Often, nothing you do seems to help them feel better. Although colic can be upsetting for both you and your baby, it won' t last too long. It usually begins at about 2 weeks of age and goes away by the fourth month. About one in five babies develops colic. It is more common in boys and in firstborn children.
All babies get fussy sometimes, but not all have colic. It may be colic if
- Your baby cries for more than 3 hours on at least three occasions a week, but is otherwise healthy.
- Your baby kicks a lot, pulls their legs up close, and makes tight fists.
- Your baby's tummy seems hard, and the baby burps and passes gas often.
- The crying sounds like your baby is in great pain.
- Your baby spits up frequently after feeding.
What Causes It?:
Babies with colic often look like their stomach hurts, and some stop crying after they pass gas or have a bowel movement. But no one knows what actually causes colic. Possible causes include one or more of the following:
- The baby's nervous or digestive system may be immature.
- The baby needs comforting, or is over- or under-stimulated.
- The baby swallows air, especially when feeding.
- The baby may be reacting to something in the mother's diet .
- The baby has allergies to some foods, such as milk .
One should remember that the child is healthy and will outgrow the colic in a few months' time. Colic does not harm the development of the child.
Now , Diarrhea, is defined as loose, watery, unformed stools occurring more than three times in one day. The term "diarrhea" does not refer to the occasional loose stool or the frequent passing of formed stools. Diarrhea is one of the most common ailments seen in infants , children, and adults.
The specific germs that cause diarrhea can vary among geographic regions depending on their level of sanitation, economic development, and hygiene. For example, developing countries with poor sanitation or where human waste is used as fertilizer often have outbreaks of diarrhea when intestinal bacteria or parasites contaminate crops or drinking water.
In developed countries, including the United States, diarrhea outbreaks are more often linked to contaminated water supplies, person-to-person contact in places such as child-care centers, or "food poisoning".
In general, infections that cause diarrhea are highly contagious. Most cases can be spread to others for as long as someone has diarrhea, and some infections can be contagious even longer.
Diarrheal infections can be spread through:
- dirty hands
- contaminated food or water
- some pets
- direct contact with fecal matter
Anything that the infectious germs come in contact with can become contaminated. This includes toys, changing tables, surfaces in restrooms, even the hands of someone preparing food. Kids can become infected by touching a contaminated surface, such as a toilet or toy, and then putting their fingers in their mouths.
A common cause of diarrhea is viral gastroenteritis. Many different viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis, which can pass through a household, school, or day-care center quickly because it's highly infectious. Although the symptoms usually last just a few days, affected kids who are unable to get adequate fluid intake can become dehydrated.
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